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Jaws Deep Blue Sea Film Review Essay Example For Students

Jaws Deep Blue Sea Film Review Essay Stephen Spielbergs film Jaws is an exemplary summer blockbuster, with all the loathsomeness, rushes, anticipation and enhancements you would anticipate from such a film. Initially created in 1975, Jaws is an American spine chiller (in view of Peter Benchleys epic of a similar name). It doesn't contain all the run of the mill thriller feelings like brutality or abhorrence; yet who needs bloodlust when its the inconspicuous coaxing out of that frigid inclination which will send shudders up the spine of even the most solidified watcher. Spielberg absolutely sets the bar for filmmaking as even till this day Jaws is known as one of the uncommon movies which catches your eye, yet will panic you to your absolute limit, as. Then again, the movie Deep Blue Sea coordinated by Renny Harlin is actually what you dont need! The film was delivered 24 years after the fact than Jaws and utilized savagery, grisliness and PC impacts including CGI however was somewhat unconvincing Darkness fills the screen, abnormal outsider like commotions start, the pressure fixes marginally in any case, at that point were acquainted with two youthful sweethearts going for a sentimental 12 PM swim. Phew, its alright we can relaxor so we thought. Similarly as we cuddle up in our seats, the strain strings fix again and before you realize the little youngster is the casualty to a strong Great White shark. This scene truly shows how feeble and powerless we are to a man-eating predator. Despite the fact that we dont see the shark till part of the way through the film, we absolutely feel its essence. The film team utilized a mechanical shark (oddly named Bruce) for the couple of scenes where the shark is available, however it is truly Spielbergs smart utilization of the camera, to speak to the eyes of the shark, which truly gives us a feeling of its reality. The film is determined to Amity Island in the late spring and with the fourth of July, American Independence day, coming up, the town centers around the business side of things and prepares for their busiest season, when all the cash roll in from sightseers, However, when a young ladies twisted body is washed aground the following morning, Police Chief Martin Brody (Roy Scheider) demands shutting the sea shore, yet Amity Mayor Larry Vaughn (Murray Hamilton) will not theorize, expecting that open information on a shark assault would kill the nearby economy and no cash would roll in from the Forth of July. Be that as it may, when another shark assault happens, this time with no attempt at being subtle, the episode draws shark master Matt Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) to the region. Then, a shark tracker named Quint (Robert Shaw) offers to discover and murder the shark for $10,000, yet Mayor Vaughn accepts that cost is excessively high, yet when the specialists at last choose to pursue the extraordinary white, the genuine peril is just barely starting With splendid course and cutting edge embellishments (in any event for the time that the film was made), Jaws is a genuine spine chiller keeping you as eager and anxious as can be fashioned with tension. The best thing about the film is that the crowd don't see the shark until partially through the film; we just ever observe through the sharks eyes. In any event, when the incomparable White assaults visible to everyone, the crowd is just conscious of an uncovered balance and the blood of the casualty as it spreads over the water. Clearly, Bruce the mechanical shark was fermata/rest; he wasnt working very as Spielberg had trusted however as opposed to postponing the film, Spielberg continued and discovered new innovative approaches to show the shark this was what truly set the standard as nobody else had ever accomplished something very like it previously. It was something new and leaving in the realm of cinematography. .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .postImageUrl , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:visited , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:active { border:0!important; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:active , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uee9c97e46 fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Causes Of The French Revolution EssayOverall, the film Jaws is extraordinary containing all that you would need and need in such a film. Is anyone surprised its a blockbuster hit? The elevated level of anticipation is the thing that I like the most about Jaws; the way that you dont see the shark till part of the way through the film. Subsequent to watching Jaws you may never need to swim at the sea shore againand as I would like to think, any film that can do that must be acceptable!

Custom Research Papers - A Must Have Tool For Your Marketing Needs

Custom Research Papers - A Must Have Tool For Your Marketing NeedsCustom research papers are essentially the perfect combination of both creativity and use of standardized formats. They are a unique way of expressing your ideas and thoughts through computer or technology, as long as you know how to write the right words in the right format. This can be done through article writing.If you know how to write it, then the custom research papers are a very good tool to use in the industry. You can find the right template of research papers for your needs and desires online. You can choose from many other research papers by coming across the right website and getting the suitable customized research paper.There are many factors that are considered when you decide to use custom research papers. First, you have to figure out the style that you prefer to use for your content. Are you going to write research papers like a journalist or are you going to write more on personal experiences? This will also depend on the desired outcome that you want.The second thing that you have to take into consideration is whether you will use your own personal style or the professional style. For example, if you want to put more importance on the detail and the scientific nature of your research papers, then it is suggested that you should choose professional research papers instead of your own style. There are still a lot of choices available in the market, which are appropriate for you.With the advent of online sources, the number of custom research papers has become very large and it has definitely given a whole new dimension to the industry. As a result, not only the research companies are starting to earn money through custom research papers, but also all other industries are now producing research papers and use them for their marketing purposes. You can actually see the number of articles being published every day as a result of the custom research papers that are produced.For thi s reason, it is now very much possible to have custom research papers prepared for your specific requirements. All you need to do is visit the different websites that offer custom research papers for sale.The entire research papers are totally customized according to your requirements and wants. Most of the companies have their own templates and they have the ability to customize it according to your preferences. Many of them also allow you to build your own custom research papers.Using the research papers for sale, you are now able to control the research paper yourself. So, that is why, custom research papers are not only a nice tool to improve your performance in the market, but also a pleasant project that you can do at your own leisure.

Oswald Mosley Was A Man And The Emotional Aftermath Of The...

Oswald Mosley was a man â€Å"intellectually and temperamentally a product of his aristocratic upbringing and the emotional aftermath of the First World War† (Beadle 328). During this time period, he influenced his surroundings with distinct political views and actions throughout Britain. Oswald Mosley influenced his time being a Member of Parliament however discounted many opportunities for action blinded by the search of personal power. This blindness led to a fascist approach towards government with views of leadership, resembling control and courage, and actions facing the problems of the new modern world. The upbringing of Oswald Mosley, born 16 November 1896, started with his aristocratic family. The family had attempts to campaign against nineteenth century laissez-faire capitalism however, never achieved mass support from their peers. His parents separated and Mosley developed under his mother and grandmother. He excelled in many fields leading some to envy in his success. Oswald Mosley married Lady Cynthia Curzon, also known as Cimmie, on 11 May 1920. The wedding was one of the largest social events of the year. Cimmie encouraged Mosley’s determination, however the toll of leaving her out on his own endeavors was an immense burden. These burdens including affairs, a mistress, Diana Guinness, who he had become fond of, all while reaching no conclusion to leave Cimmie. At this point he was well traveled, acquiring diverse perceptions to leadership and the correlation to

The Ethical And Legal Issues Of Healthcare - 1680 Words

Figuring out how to allocate limited quantities of medications and donor organs is among the largest ethical and legal issues in healthcare. There is a concern as to whether or not there will be enough medications to go around in the future and how will these limited quantities be distributed. When shortages happen it is usually because economic incentive for a manufacturer is down. Money is king and if there is no profit to be made in manufacturing these medications then manufactures will not waste production time on them. Drug shortages will be a prevailing issue unless we can figure out how to give drug companies economic incentive to create and distribute these drugs. Until then the supply and demand of these drugs are vulnerable to problems that are inherent to the laws of economics. Allocating the dispersion of donor organs can be difficult ethically and legally for healthcare workers. On one side they want to do right by their patient but they are bound by strict laws and medical guidelines. To speak economically there is simply and excess of demand over supply so many that need those organs will often go without or wait an excessive amount of time. Recently with the Affordable Care Act, research and campaigns to encourage organ donors these problems are being met head on. The Food and Drug Administration is also taking action to prevent future drug shortages and their causes. Major ethical dilemmas and cases will be highlighted in order to demonstrateShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Issues in Healthcare Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesEthical and Legal Issues in Healthcare AIU Online – HLTH320 Individual Project Unit 1 SCENERIO I am a paramedic arriving at an emergency scene. A group of scouts have entered a cave that is now filling with water. They were led into the cave by a rather large scoutmaster. 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Unfortunately situations may occur that prevents a person from being able to make a decision about their medical care. The decision can be a legal or ethical one. In the medical arena someone has to make this tough decision. TheRead MoreOrganizational Ethics697 Words   |  3 PagesETH/316 October 27, 2014 Mario Madrid Organizational Ethics Business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues are part of organizational ethics. These ethics are often guided by the law; most business uses ethics in order to be accepted by the public or to have a successful business. Ethical principles can address organizational issues which help the organization to follow good practices within their organization or company. I am part of the Parkland Health amp; HospitalRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: HOW DNR CAUSES AN ETHICAL DILEMMA How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, thisRead MoreInformation And Communication Technologies ( Icts )909 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem to the patient. The monitoring systems like infant warmer makes alarms when temperature rises or falls, Numerous risk points contribute to alarm- and monitoring-related adverse events, including alarm fatigue, com-munication breakdowns, training issues, and equipment failures. According to Pelczarski, alarm fatigue is one of the most common contributors to alarm failures. â€Å"Staff become overwhelmed by the sheer number of alarm signals, which results in alarm desensitization and delayed response or

Belmont State Bank Essay Sample free essay sample

Belmont State Bank is a big bank with 100s of subdivisions that are connected to a cardinal computing machine system. Some subdivisions are connected over dedicated circuits and others use the dial-up telephone web. Each subdivision has a assortment of client computing machines and ATMs connected to a waiter. The waiter shops the branch’s day-to-day dealing informations and transmits it several times during the twenty-four hours to the cardinal computing machine system. Edward tellers at each subdivision use a four-digit numeral watchword. and each teller’s computing machine is transaction-coded to accept merely its authorised minutess. Perform a hazard appraisal. First. I will get down with constructing a control spreadsheet for the bank ; which looks much similar Figure 11. 2: ( Fitzgerald. 374 ) .Then I would place the assets. In this instance. the assets I worry about most are hardware. web package. client package. informations and mission critical applications. The hardware that I am concentrated on is the mail waiters. We will write a custom essay sample on Belmont State Bank Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page web waiters. and client computing machines and ATMs connected to them. Equally far as web package. I look at the application package ( mail waiter and net waiter ) along with waiter runing systems and system scenes. With client package. it’s the overall operating systems and system scenes. Organizational information and storage is the focal point ; the databases with records. The mission critical applications are the company web site and fiscal database with spreadsheets/personal history/ applications and assessments ; along with dealing history. At the top of the list ; is the mission critical applications necessary to carry on business/ for concern endurance. Following. is the organisational information. client package. hardware. and web package. Equally far as menaces. the biggest menaces in order of dollar loss and likeliness of happening are invasion ( internal. external and eavesdropping/hacking ) . sabotage. fraud. larceny of information. denial of service. virus. larceny of equipment and eventually natural catastrophes. When it comes to placing and documenting the controls. I would hold preventive controls ( security guard in the subdivision edifices ) . and package to code the Teller watchwords. I would besides hold application bed firewall ( to protect information shared with the cardinal computing machine ) . virus/malware plans in topographic point. a catastrophe recovery program and extended preparation sing both watchwords and viruses among others. The controls and their functions would be placed in a numerical list and the controls figure placed in the cell. The original spreadsheet would look similar to Calculate 11. 5 afterward: ( Fitzgerald. 379 ) . The last measure would be to measure how equal the controls are that are in topographic point now. and the grade of hazard associated with each menace. The Delphi squad will observe. prevent and rectify the menaces harmonizing to precedence. Bing that a dedicated circuit/dial up telephone web is used to link subdivisions and waiters transmit information daily to the cardinal computing machine. security is an issue. The invasion controls work decently. but can be upgraded and should be checked quarterly. The catastrophe and devastation menace could utilize farther concern continuity controls. as there is a high grade of hazard here.

No Laughing Matter a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse Essay Example

No Laughing Matter: a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse Paper No Laughing Matter: A Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse Ryan Ardelle Anatomy Physiology, Period 3 Mr. Syvret Due: March 14, 2013 SUBSTANCE OVERVIEW The issue of inhalant abuse is a multifaceted problem, stretching across many communities and locales in the entirety of the United States. Inhalants as a class of drug vary widely, ranging from volatile solvents and aerosol propellants, to more broadly, any drug delivered by inhalation. Nitrous oxide straddles these categories, as it finds use not only a common dental analgesic, but also as a propellant, in such uses as whipping cream, automotive racing, and rocketry. As a result, nitrous oxide is found in many forms: medical-grade, food-grade, and industrial-grade, with various purities (Erowid). Commonly known as â€Å"laughing gas,† nitrous oxide wears many hats and goes by many names. For example, those who use nitrous oxide in automotive racing or rocketry applications know it as NOS (Alai). In this usage, nitrous oxide is applied as a powerful oxidizer, allowing a vehicle’s engine to combust gasoline more rapidly, with an associated increase in horsepower (Winter). This form of nitrous oxide is packaged with many additives to not only improve its performance but also to deter its abuse (Erowid). We will write a custom essay sample on No Laughing Matter: a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on No Laughing Matter: a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on No Laughing Matter: a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When abused recreationally however, nitrous oxide finds many more colorful nicknames, such as â€Å"hippie crack† and â€Å"nangs† (Erowid). It is a true gas, existing as a gas under atmospheric pressure at room temperature, although it assumes a liquid state when compressed in a gas cylinder (Alai). Nitrous oxide is a strong oxidizing agent with a density of 1. 9kg/m 3, and it has a linear molecular form consisting of two atoms of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen (Winter). Nitrous oxide has no color and has a sweet odor, familiar to anybody who has tasted whipped cream (Erowid). Nitrous oxide is commercially manufactured by heating ammonium nitrate to 240C. Impurities such as ammonia and nitric acid in addition to excess water vapor are removed through an extensive gas scrubbing process. Food-grade nitrous oxide is often stored in white, 8-gram cylinders with a sealed metal puncture cap and packaged in boxes of 100 cylinders. Medical-grade nitrous oxide is stored in French-blue cylinders and is pressurized to ~4400 kPa at room temperature. The Pin Index Safety System configuration for nitrous oxide cylinders is 3-5 (Banks and Hardman). HISTORY OF NITROUS OXIDE ABUSE British chemist and Presbyterian minister Joseph Humphrey first synthesized nitrous oxide gas in England in 1772. Priestly later published his work in a 1776 journal, â€Å"Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air† (Priestly). This publication proved extremely intriguing to the scientific community, leading to additional research and Humphry Davy’s influential 1800 book, â€Å"Researches, Chemical and Philosophical: Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide. † Throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century, nitrous oxide’s usage as a recreational drug became increasingly popular. Traveling medical shows and carnivals featured affectionately named â€Å"Nitrous Oxide Capers,† in which attendees paid a small fee to inhale a minute’s worth of gas (Brecher). In 1844, Dr. Horace Wells, a British dentist, first demonstrated the use of nitrous oxide as a dental anesthetic. His initial testing on a patient at Harvard Medical School was unsuccessful, resulting in the public dismissal of nitrous oxide as a legitimate anesthetic. Nevertheless, nitrous oxide had a sudden resurgence in the dental community in the early 1860s, thanks to a series of dental institutions opened by lecturer and showman Gardener Quincy Colton. These practices utilized nitrous oxide as their primary form of dental anesthesia, henceforth standardizing its usage in the United States (Erowid). METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION Nitrous oxide is administered via inhalation of compressed gas. Users most frequently obtain nitrous oxide from small, 8-gram canisters used to charge whipped cream dispensers. These canisters are readily available for purchase in most restaurant supply stores, on the Internet, and in head shops across the nation (Narconon). Once obtained, the contents of the canisters are released into empty whipped cream dispensers or into a balloon. A pressure release valve, or â€Å"cracker†, must be used in order to safely siphon the gas into a balloon (Erowid). These valves are also available for purchase online or in head shops (Narconon). Users with access to larger cylinders of nitrous oxide sometimes inhale the gas through a nasal hood or anesthesia mask, as used in dental surgery. However, this method is extremely dangerous without proper medical supervision, as users can inhale larger amounts of gas without access to fresh oxygen. As a result, the vast majority of nitrous oxide users prefer to use the aforementioned whipped cream dispenser or balloon methods of inhalation (Wagner, Clark, Wesche, Doedens, and Lloyd). Whipped cream canisters and standard latex party balloons have a maximum capacity of approximately three 8-gram cylinders. Depending on personal preference, users can fill their vessel of choice with one, two, or three cylinders at a time (Creamright). Once the whipped cream dispenser or balloon is filled to the user’s liking, the gas inside is rapidly inhaled into the user’s lungs. The gas is often held in the lungs for twenty to sixty seconds to induce hypoxia and enhance the euphoric effects. The gas is then exhaled normally, and the user resumes regular respiration of room air (Erowid). IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Once inhaled, nitrous oxide is immediately absorbed through the lungs, dissolving directly into blood plasma. Within ten to fifteen seconds, nitrous oxide molecules replace oxygen molecules in the user’s lungs, thereby stimulating a euphoric sensation. Users then experience a brief â€Å"high† usually lasting between thirty seconds and two minutes with a standard dose (Erowid). Symptoms of nitrous oxide abuse include slurred speech, impaired coordination and balance, difficulty thinking clearly and processing information, unresponsiveness to verbal and painful stimuli, and occasionally loss of consciousness. Assuming the user returns to regularly breathing room air after the initial gas inhalation, these symptoms should subside within two minutes. The onset and peak effect timing of nitrous oxide is determined by the quantity consumed (Narconon). Nitrous oxide inhalation impacts the function of numerous physiologic systems. First, nitrous oxide decreases tidal volume and increases respiratory rate following activation of the central nervous system. Myocardial depression and an increase in central sympathetic outflow also occur following nitrous oxide inhalation. Inhaled nitrous oxide may produce the second gas effect, as nitrous oxide has a more rapid rate of diffusion across alveolar basement membranes than nitrogen gas. This rapid exit of nitrous oxide from the alveoli initiates a concentration of other alveolar gases, thereby accelerating the uptake of nitrous oxide into the bloodstream (Banks and Hardman). The primary method of nitrous oxide elimination is via the exhalation from the lungs. Nitrous oxide exits the body entirely unchanged in chemical formula and structure. Small amounts of nitrous oxide diffuse through the skin and the renal system, and anaerobic bacteria in the GI tract reduce any outstanding nitrous oxide into nitrogen gas (Erowid). ACTION ON THE BRAIN Nitrous oxide causes vasodilatation, resulting in an increase in cerebral blood flow and causing a corresponding increase in intracranial pressure (Erowid). Unlike most inhalants, nitrous oxide does not augment the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Accordingly, nitrous oxide does not produce the same neuromuscular depression experienced with other inhalant abuse. Nitrous oxide activates opioid receptors in the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain, stimulating a release of norepinephrine and activation of 2-adrenoceptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Banks and Hardman). LONG TERM EFFECTS Risks involved in nitrous oxide inhalation revolve primarily around displacing oxygen. Although nitrous oxide does not bind with hemoglobin and instead dissolves into the blood, continued inhalation of pure nitrous oxide without supplemental oxygen can lead to hypoxia. Nitrous oxide-induced hypoxia is especially dangerous because users may not realize that they asphyxiating themselves – the impulse to breathe is triggered by a build-up of carbon dioxide, rather than a lack of oxygen (Banks and Hardman). Aside from hypoxia, there are relatively few physiologic dangers associated with nitrous oxide abuse. The most significant of these effects is Vitamin B depletion and deficiency. This can potentially lead to acute or chronic paresthesia, the sensation of â€Å"pins and needles,† and can inhibit the activity of methionine synthetase, thereby interfering with DNA synthesis in leukocytes and erythrocytes. However, Vitamin B and Folate supplements can prevent these side effects (Banks and Hardman). Nitrous oxide can also induce potentially dangerous airspace expansion in the body, such as pneumothorax or bowel obstruction, due to its rapid diffusion properties. Other potential side effects include respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, dizziness, neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, ileus, bone marrow depression, and malignant hyperthermia. Pregnant women should not use nitrous oxide, as the gas diffuses into the placenta and can cause fetal depression (Erowid). A few cases of frostbite on the vocal cords have been recorded following direct inhalation of nitrous oxide from a canister (Banks and Hardman). Also, nitrous oxide users are at risk of traumatic fall injuries such as broken extremities and concussions due to impaired balance and possible loss of consciousness (Narconon). STATISTICS Nitrous oxide abuse is most common among younger adolescents aged 16-17, although abuse does occur among older individuals. A 2011 study from the University of Michigan showed that 13% of 8th grade students reported abusing inhalants at least once (National Institute on Drug Abuse). A similar study from the University of Virginia revealed that nitrous oxide was one of the top five substances abused by adolescent inhalant users (Narconon). According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the rates of inhalant abuse â€Å"increased steadily from 3. 4 percent at age 12 to 5. 3 percent at age 14, then declined to 3. 9 percent by age 17 from 2002-2006. † Data from this study also showed that â€Å"adolescents age 12 to 17 represented 48 percent of all substance abuse treatment admissions reporting inhalants. Among these adolescent admissions reporting inhalant abuse, 45% had a concurrent psychiatric disorder (SAMHSA). Erowid. com, a popular website that provides information on psychoactive drug use, conducted a series of online surveys in September 2009 in a study examining the possible presence of contaminants in nitrous oxide chargers. One of the surveys asked regular nitrous oxide users their preferred method of inhalation; 46% p referred using a cracker with a balloon, 34. 4% preferred inhaling directly from a whipped cream dispenser, 11. % percent preferred a whipped cream dispenser with a balloon, 1. 7 % preferred a cracker with a bag, 0. 7% preferred a whipped cream dispenser with a bag, and 5. 0% preferred other methods (Erowid). Nitrous oxide is not physiologically addictive, although certain individuals can use it compulsively. While psychological addiction is possible, the only symptom of withdrawal is the desire to inhale more nitrous oxide (Dartmouth College). Furthermore, statistics on inhalant-related deaths are difficulty to determine, as most deaths are severely under-reported. Most of the time, death is attributed to cardiac or respiratory failure subsequent to inhalant abuse. Studies from the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse between 1990 and 1993 revealed an average of 15 inhalant abuse-related deaths per year in the state of Texas. Of those deaths, 94% of victims were male, and 91% were Caucasian, on average (National Inhalant Prevention Coalition). Most recreational nitrous oxide-related deaths are caused by hypoxia when users affix masks without oxygen or place bags over their heads to concentrate the gas (Erowid). EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ABUSE The topic of inhalants has been addressed by multiple small grass-roots efforts in local communities, but has also seen national discussion. Although no national legislation is in place restricting the sale, consumption, and distribution of nitrous oxide, several states and municipalities have passed laws in an attempt to curb usage. Most of these laws specifically target underage consumption and sale of nitrous oxide to minors (Center for Cognitive Liberty Ethics). For example, the Article 34 Title 7  § 3380. 5a-5b of the New York State Controlled Substances Act states: a) No person shall use nitrous oxide for purposes of causing intoxication, inebriation, excitement, stupefaction or the dulling of the brain or nervous system of himself or another. (b) No person shall sell any canister or other container of nitrous oxide unless granted an exemption pursuant to this subdivision. In no event shall any canister or other container of nitrous oxide be sold to a person under the age of twenty-one years. â€Å"Any person who violates any provision of subdivision four or five of this section shall be guilty of class A misdemeanor† (New York State Legislature). A number of non-governmental organizations such as the National Inhalant Prevention Coalition work to educate the public on the facts and dangers of inhalant abuse. These organizations frequently lobby on the state and federal level in attempt to pass more restrictive anti-inhalant abuse legislature. These preventative efforts have helped to several states integrate inhalant abuse education into primary and secondary school health education curricula (National Inhalant Prevention Coalition). Works Cited Alai, Nili N. Nitrous Oxide Administration. Ed. Rick Kulkarni. Medscape Reference, 30 Jan. 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/1413427-overview. Banks, Amelia, and Jonathan G. Hardman. Nitrous Oxide. British Journal of Anaesthesia: Continuing Education in Anaethesia, Critical Care, and Pain (2005): 1-4. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. http://ceaccp. oxfordjournals. org/content/early/2005/08/22/bjaceaccp. mki039. full. pdf. Brecher, Edward M. The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs. Consumer Reports Magazine 1972. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. http://www. druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU43. tml. Drug Facts: Inhalants. 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